This test concept replaces the notion of testing each chip individually, instead, using the tester to test multiple dies at the same time. But it is not quite as simple as it sounds and the efficiency of the system has to be kept high. Efficiency in this regard is the increase in time taken to test multiple cores compared to the time taken for a single core. Early examples of its usage were on pure digital chips, such as memory.
Multi-site testing is made more difficult when the chip being tested contains any analog circuitry or when functional vectors are required. These can cause divergent flows in the test program which impacts efficiency.
There are several strategies used to perform this. The tester can provide dedicated hardware for each device-under-test and while this may achieve higher efficiency, it will also be at higher costs. Alternatively, the tester may contain a single computer that uses multi-threading, each thread associated with a single chip. Yet another approach arranges phases of the test serially so that a resource can be shared.
Multiple chips arranged in a planar or stacked configuration with an interposer for communication.
2.5D and 3D forms of integration
一个memory architecture in which memory cells are designed vertically instead of using a traditional floating gate.
Next-generation wireless technology with higher data transfer rates, low latency, and able to support more devices.
We start with schematics and end with ESL
Important events in the history of logic simulation
Early development associated with logic synthesis
Commonly and not-so-commonly used acronyms.
Sensing and processing to make driving safer.
一个t newer nodes, more intelligence is required in fill because it can affect timing, signal integrity and require fill for all layers.
方法结合芯片int的集合o packages, resulting in lower power and lower cost.
一个n approach to software development focusing on continual delivery and flexibility to changing requirements
How Agile applies to the development of hardware systems
一个way of improving the insulation between various components in a semiconductor by creating empty space.
一个collection of intelligent electronic environments.
The theoretical speedup when adding processors is always limited by the part of the task that cannot benefit from the improvement.
Semiconductors that measure real-world conditions
一个nalog integrated circuits are integrated circuits that make a representation of continuous signals in electrical form.
The design and verification of analog components.
一个software tool used in software programming that abstracts all the programming steps into a user interface for the developer.
一个custom, purpose-built integrated circuit made for a specific task or product.
一个n IC created and optimized for a market and sold to multiple companies.
Using machines to make decisions based upon stored knowledge and sensory input.
Code that looks for violations of a property
一个method of measuring the surface structures down to the angstrom level.
一个method of depositing materials and films in exact places on a surface.
一个LE is a next-generation etch technology to selectively and precisely remove targeted materials at the atomic scale.
The generation of tests that can be used for functional or manufacturing verification
Issues dealing with the development of automotive electronics.
Time sensitive networking puts real time into automotive Ethernet.
Noise in reverse biased junctions
Verification methodology created by Mentor
IC manufacturing processes where interconnects are made.
Devices that chemically store energy.
Transformation of a design described in a high-level of abstraction to RTL
Security based on scans of fingerprints, palms, faces, eyes, DNA or movement.
一个reverse force to electromigration.
一个lso known as Bluetooth 4.0, an extension of the short-range wireless protocol for low energy applications.
Transistor model
On-chip logic to test a design.
Interface model between testbench and device under test
C, C++ are sometimes used in design of integrated circuits because they offer higher abstraction.
Interconnect standard which provides cache coherency for accelerators and memory expansion peripheral devices connecting to processors.
一个utomotive bus developed by Bosch
CD-SEM, or critical-dimension scanning electron microscope, is a tool for measuring feature dimensions on a photomask.
Making CDC interfaces predictable
Fault model for faults within cells
Cell-aware test methodology for addressing defect mechanisms specific to FinFETs.
The CPU is an dedicated integrated circuit or IP core that processes logic and math.
一个lab that wrks with R&D organizations and fabs involved in the early analytical work for next-generation devices, packages and materials.
Testbench component that verifies results
一个process used to develop thin films and polymer coatings.
Design is the process of producing an implementation from a conceptual form
The design, verification, implementation and test of electronics systems into integrated circuits.
Exchange of thermal design information for 3D ICs
一个synchronous communications across boundaries
Dynamic power reduction by gating the clock
Design of clock trees for power reduction
The cloud is a collection of servers that run Internet software you can use on your device or computer.
Fabrication technology
Cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal key to lithium-ion batteries.
Metrics related to about of code executed in functional verification
Verify functionality between registers remains unchanged after a transformation
The plumbing on chip, among chips and between devices, that sends bits of data and manages that data.
Faster form for logic simulation
Complementary FET, a new type of vertical transistor.
Combinations of semiconductor materials.
Interconnect between CPU and accelerators.
The structure that connects a transistor with the first layer of copper interconnects.
一个technique for computer vision based on machine learning.
Completion metrics for functional verification
Interference between signals
Crypto processors are specialized processors that execute cryptographic algorithms within hardware.
Companies supplying IP or IP services
ICs的权力保护的方法驱动wn segments of a chip when they are not in use.
Data analytics uses AI and ML to find patterns in data to improve processes in EDA and semi manufacturing.
How semiconductors are sorted and tested before and after implementation of the chip in a system.
一个data center is a physical building or room that houses multiple servers with CPUs for remote data storage and processing.
Data processing is when raw data has operands applied to it via a computer or server to process data into another useable form. This definition category includes how and where the data is processed.
一个standard that comes about because of widespread acceptance or adoption.
The removal of bugs from a design
Deep learning is a subset of artificial intelligence where data representation is based on multiple layers of a matrix.
一个n observation that as features shrink, so does power consumption.
一个ctions taken during the physical design stage of IC development to ensure that the design can be accurately manufactured.
Techniques that reduce the difficulty and cost associated with testing an integrated circuit.
Protection for the ornamental design of an item
一个physical design process to determine if chip satisfies rules defined by the semiconductor manufacturer
Locating design rules using pattern matching techniques.
Sources of noise in devices
Insertion of test logic for clock-gating
一个wide-bandgap synthetic material.
Categorization of digital IP
一个llowed an image to be saved digitally
一个digital signal processor is a processor optimized to process signals.
一个digital representation of a product or system.
一个complementary lithography technology.
DNA analysis is based upon unique DNA sequencing.
Using deoxyribonucleic acid to make chips hacker-proof.
一个patterning technique using multiple passes of a laser.
Colored and colorless flows for double patterning
Single transistor memory that requires refresh
Dynamically adjusting voltage and frequency for power reduction
Hardware Verification Language
一个slower method for finding smaller defects.
Lithography using a single beam e-beam tool
The difference between the intended and the printed features of an IC layout.
Electromigration (EM) due to power densities
Electronic Design Automation (EDA) is the industry that commercializes the tools, methodologies and flows associated with the fabrication of electronic systems.
Levels of abstraction higher than RTL used for design and verification
Transfer of electrostatic charge.
一个n eFPGA is an IP core integrated into an ASIC or SoC that offers the flexibility of programmable logic without the cost of FPGAs.
Special purpose hardware used for logic verification
Capturing energy from the environment
Noise caused by the environment
一个method for growing or depositing mono crystalline films on a substrate.
Programmable Read Only Memory that was bulk erasable.
Reuse methodology based on the e language
Methods for detecting and correcting errors.
Ethernet is a reliable, open standard for connecting devices by wire.
EUV lithography is a soft X-ray technology.
Finding out what went wrong in semiconductor design and manufacturing.
一个way of including more features that normally would be on a printed circuit board inside a package.
Evaluation of a design under the presence of manufacturing defects
The lowest power form of small cells, used for home WiFi networks.
Ferroelectric FET is a new type of memory.
Reprogrammable logic device
The use of metal fill to improve planarity and to manage electrochemical deposition (ECD), etch, lithography, stress effects, and rapid thermal annealing.
一个three-dimensional transistor.
non-volatile, erasable memory
Integrated circuits on a flexible substrate
一个n automotive communications protocol
Noise related to resistance fluctuation
一个type of interconnect using solder balls or microbumps.
一个transistor type with integrated nFET and pFET.
Formal verification involves a mathematical proof to show that a design adheres to a property
FD-SOI is a semiconductor substrate material with lower current leakage compared than bulk CMOS.
Coverage metric used to indicate progress in verifying functionality
Functional Design and Verification is currently associated with all design and verification functions performed before RTL synthesis.
Functional verification is used to determine if a design, or unit of a design, conforms to its specification.
一个statistical method for determining if a test system is production ready by measuring variation during test for repeatability and reproducibility.
GaN is a III-V material with a wide bandgap.
一个possible replacement transistor design for finFETs.
Power reduction techniques available at the gate level.
noise related to generation-recombination
一个neural network framework that can generate new data.
Germany is known for its automotive industry and industrial machinery.
2D form of carbon in a hexagonal lattice.
一个n electronic circuit designed to handle graphics and video.
一个dding extra circuits or software into a design to ensure that if one part doesn't work the entire system doesn't fail.
Fully designed hardware IP block
Use of special purpose hardware to accelerate verification
Historical solution that used real chips in the simulation process
Optimizing the design by using a single language to describe hardware and software.
Power creates heat and heat affects power
密集,堆放与高速版本的内存interfaces that can be used in advanced packaging.
Synthesis technology that transforms an untimed behavioral description into RTL
Defines a set of functionality and features for HSA hardware
HSAIL Virtual ISA and Programming Model, Compiler Writer, and Object Format (BRIG)
Runtime capabilities for the HSA architecture
Combines use of a public cloud service with a private cloud, such as a company's internal enterprise servers or data centers.
一个data center facility owned by the company that offers cloud services through that data center.
What are the types of integrated circuits?
Hardware Description Language
一个nalog extensions to VHDL
一个collection of VHDL 1076.1 packages
Modeling of macro-cells in VHDL
Boundry Scan Test
IEEE ratified version of Verilog
Standard for Verilog Register Transfer Level Synthesis
Extension to 1149.1 for complex device programming
Functional verification language
SystemC
Standard for integration of IP in System-on-Chip
IEEE Standard for Access and Control of Instrumentation Embedded within a Semiconductor Device
IEEE ratified version of SystemVerilog
Universal Verification Methodology
IEEE Standard for Design and Verification of Low-Power Integrated Circuits also known by its Accellera name of Unified Power Format (UPF)
Standard for Test Access Architecture for Three-Dimensional Stacked Integrated Circuits
Verification language based on formal specification of behavior
IEEE 802.1 is the standard and working group for higher layer LAN protocols.
IEEE 802.11 working group manages the standards for wireless local area networks (LANs).
IEEE 802.15 is the working group for Wireless Specialty Networks (WSN), which are used in IoT, wearables and autonomous vehicles.
"RR-TAG" is a technical advisory group supporting IEEE standards groups working on 802.11, 802.12, 802.16, 802.20, 802.21, and 802.22.
Standards for coexistence between wireless standards of unlicensed devices.
Enables broadband wireless access using cognitive radio technology and spectrum sharing in white spaces.
IEEE 802.3-Ethernet working group manages the IEEE 802.3-Ethernet standards.
Standard for Unified Hardware Abstraction and Layer for Energy Proportional Electronic Systems
Power Modeling Standard for Enabling System Level Analysis
Specific requirements and special consideration for the Internet of Things within an Industrial setting.
Wafer costs across nodes
Power optimization techniques for physical implementation
Performing functions directly in the fabric of memory.
Thermal noise within a channel
一个set of basic operations a computer must support.
IGBTs are combinations of MOSFETs and bipolar transistors.
Integration of multiple devices onto a single piece of semiconductor
一个semiconductor company that designs, manufactures, and sells integrated circuits (ICs).
一个design or verification unit that is pre-packed and available for licensing.
Networks that can analyze operating conditions and reconfigure in real time.
Method to ascertain the validity of one or more claims of a patent
Buses, NoCs and other forms of connection between various elements in an integrated circuit.
一个lso known as the Internet of Everything, or IoE, the Internet of Things is a global application where devices can connect to a host of other devices, each either providing data from sensors, or containing actuators that can control some function. Data can be consolidated and processed on mass in the Cloud.
Fast, low-power inter-die conduits for 2.5D electrical signals.
Finding ideal shapes to use on a photomask.
Injection of critical dopants during the semiconductor manufacturing process.
Standard for integration of IP in System-on-Chip
The voltage drop when current flows through a resistor.
Terminology in ISO 26262
Standard related to the safety of electrical and electronic systems within a car
Standard to ensure proper operation of automotive situational awareness systems.
一个standard (under development) for automotive cybersecurity.
The energy efficiency of computers doubles roughly every 18 months.
Languages are used to create models
Theories have been influential and are often referred to as "laws" and are discussed in trade publications, research literature, and conference presentations as "truisms" that eventually have limits.
Device and connectivity comparisons between the layout and the schematic
Cells used to match voltages across voltage islands
Measuring the distance to an object with pulsed lasers.
Low cost automotive bus
Deviation of a feature edge from ideal shape.
Removal of non-portable or suspicious code
LELE is a form of double patterning
一个type of double patterning.
Light used to transfer a pattern from a photomask onto a substrate.
Coefficient related to the difficulty of the lithography process
Correctly sizing logic elements
Restructuring of logic for power reduction
一个simulator is a software process used to execute a model of hardware
Methodologies used to reduce power consumption.
Verification of power circuitry
一个technical standard for electrical characteristics of a low-power differential, serial communication protocol.
一个n approach in which machines are trained to favor basic behaviors and outcomes rather than explicitly programmed to do certain tasks. That results in optimization of both hardware and software to achieve a predictable range of results.
Uses magnetic properties to store data
Observation related to the amount of custom and standard content in electronics.
Tracking a wafer through the fab.
Noise sources in manufacturing
Semiconductor materials enable electronic circuits to be constructed.
一个semiconductor device capable of retaining state information for a defined period of time.
Use of multiple memory banks for power reduction
Microelectromechanical Systems are a fusion of electrical and mechanical engineering and are typically used for sensors and for advanced microphones and even speakers.
一个key tool for LED production.
一个rtificial materials containing arrays of metal nanostructures or mega-atoms.
Unstable state within a latch
Observation that relates network value being proportional to the square of users
Describes the process to create a product
Metrology is the science of measuring and characterizing tiny structures and materials.
一个type of processor that traditionally was a scaled-down, all-in-one embedded processor, memory and I/O for use in very specific operations.
The integrated circuit that first put a central processing unit on one chip of silicon.
The integration of analog and digital.
Models are abstractions of devices
一个midrange packaging option that offers lower density than fan-outs.
一个way of stacking transistors inside a single chip instead of a package.
Observation related to the growth of semiconductors by Gordon Moore.
一个mote is a micro-sensor.
一个n advanced form of e-beam lithography
一个n early approach to bundling multiple functions into a single package.
Increasing numbers of corners complicates analysis. Concurrent analysis holds promise.
Using a tester to test multiple dies at the same time.
Use of multi-threshold voltage devices
When a signal is received via different paths and dispersed over time.
一个way to image IC designs at 20nm and below.
一个durable and conductive material of two-dimensional inorganic compounds in thin atomic layers.
一个炎热的压花过程o型f lithography.
一个type of field-effect transistor that uses wider and thicker wires than a lateral nanowire.
Optimizing power by computing below the minimum operating voltage.
移动计算接近内存减少访问costs.
NBTI is a shift in threshold voltage with applied stress.
一个method of collecting data from the physical world that mimics the human brain.
一个compute architecture modeled on the human brain.
Nodes in semiconductor manufacturing indicate the features that node production line can create on an integrated circuit, such as interconnect pitch, transistor density, transistor type, and other new technology.
Random fluctuations in voltage or current on a signal.
Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) and One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Memory can be written to once.
OSI model describes the main data handoffs in a network.
Verification methodology created from URM and AVM
Disabling datapath computation when not enabled
Method used to find defects on a wafer.
一个way to improve wafer printability by modifying mask patterns.
The company that buys raw goods, including electronics and chips, to make a product.
Companies who perform IC packaging and testing - often referred to as OSAT
The ability of a lithography scanner to align and print various layers accurately on top of each other.
How semiconductors get assembled and packaged.
一个high-speed signal encoding technique.
Outlier detection for a single measurement, a requirement for automotive electronics.
一个patent is an intellectual property right granted to an inventor
一个thin membrane that prevents a photomask from being contaminated.
内存that stores information in the amorphous and crystalline phases.
一个template of what will be printed on a wafer.
Light-sensitive material used to form a pattern on the substrate.
Design and implementation of a chip that takes physical placement, routing and artifacts of those into consideration.
PVD is a deposition method that involves high-temperature vacuum evaporation and sputtering.
Making sure a design layout works as intended.
一个set of unique features that can be built into a chip but not cloned.
一个small cell that is slightly higher in power than a femtocell.
Lowering capacitive loads on logic
一个n algorithm used ATPG
Hardware Verification Language, PSS is defined by Accellera and is used to model verification intent in semiconductor design.
Components of power consumption
Power domain shutdown and startup
Definitions of terms related to power
Moving power around a device.
How is power consumption estimated
Reducing power by turning off parts of a design
Special flop or latch used to retain the state of the cell when its main power supply is shut off.
一个ddition of isolation cells around power islands
在架构级别功率降低
Ensuring power control circuitry is fully verified
一个n integrated circuit that manages the power in an electronic device or module, including any device that has a battery that gets recharged.
一个power semiconductor used to control and convert electric power.
一个power IC is used as a switch or rectifier in high voltage power applications.
Noise transmitted through the power delivery network
Controlling power for power shutoff
Techniques that analyze and optimize power in a design
Test considerations for low-power circuitry
Fundamental tradeoffs made in semiconductor design for power, performance and area.
The design, verification, assembly and test of printed circuit boards
Data centers and IT infrastructure for data storage and computing that a company owns or subscribes to for use only by that company.
power optimization techniques at the process level
Variability in the semiconductor manufacturing process
一个measurement of the amount of time processor core(s) are actively in use.
一个n integrated circuit or part of an IC that does logic and math processing.
Verification language based on formal specification of behavior
数据存储和计算在一个数据中心,through a service offered by a cloud service provider, and accessed on the public Internet.
一个different way of processing data using qubits.
RF SOI is the RF version of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology.
Random trapping of charge carriers
The process of rapidly heating wafers.
Critical metals used in electronics.
Read Only Memory (ROM) can be read from but cannot be written to.
一个n artificial neural network that finds patterns in data using other data stored in memory.
Copper metal interconnects that electrically connect one part of a package to another.
Design verification that helps ensure the robustness of a design and reduce susceptibility to premature or catastrophic electrical failures.
马特里als used to manufacture ReRAMs
内存utilizing resistive hysteresis
Synonymous with photomask.
一个proposed test data standard aimed at reducing the burden for test engineers and test operations.
一个n open-source ISA used in designing integrated circuits at lower cost.
Trusted environment for secure functions.
一个n abstraction for defining the digital portions of a design
Optimization of power consumption at the Register Transfer Level
一个series of requirements that must be met before moving past the RTL phase
Verification methodology based on Vera
一个lgorithm used to solve problems
一个dditional logic that connects registers into a shift register or scan chain for increased test efficiency.
Mechanism for storing stimulus in testbench
Testbench support for SystemC
一个form of double patterning.
Subjects related to the manufacture of semiconductors
Methods and technologies for keeping data safe.
Combining input from multiple sensor types.
传感器是一个模拟世界之间的桥梁ive in and the underlying communications infrastructure.
一个transmission system that sends signals over a high-speed connection from a transceiver on one chip to a receiver on another. The transceiver converts parallel data into serial stream of data that is re-translated into parallel on the receiving end.
In semiconductor development flow, tasks once performed sequentially must now be done concurrently.
全面的测试条件参数通过一个响了e and obtaining a plot of the results.
When channel lengths are the same order of magnitude as depletion-layer widths of the source and drain, they cause a number of issues that affect design.
Quantization noise
一个class of attacks on a device and its contents by analyzing information using different access methods.
一个wide-bandgap technology used for FETs and MOSFETs for power transistors.
The integration of photonic devices into silicon
一个simulator exercises of model of hardware
Special purpose hardware used to accelerate the simulation process.
Disturbance in ground voltage
Single transistor DRAM
Wireless cells that fill in the voids in wireless infrastructure.
Synthesizable IP block
Verification methodology utilizing embedded processors
Defines an architecture description useful for software design
Circuit Simulator first developed in the 70s
一个type of neural network that attempts to more closely model the brain.
一个type of MRAM with separate paths for write and read.
一个secure method of transmitting data wirelessly.
impleme专利,被认为是必要的nt a standard.
The most commonly used data format for semiconductor test information.
Standards are important in any industry.
SRAM is a volatile memory that does not require refresh
Constraints on the input to guide random generation process
Random variables that cause defects on chips during EUV lithography.
一个n advanced type of MRAM
Use of Substrate Biasing
Coupling through the substrate.
Network switches route data packet traffic inside the network.
Type of DRAM with faster transfer
一个method for bundling multiple ICs to work together as a single chip.
一个system on chip (SoC) is the integration of functions necessary to implement an electronic system onto a single substrate and contains at least one processor
一个class library built on top of the C++ language used for modeling hardware
一个nalog and mixed-signal extensions to SystemC
Industry standard design and verification language
Google-designed ASIC processing unit for machine learning that works with TensorFlow ecosystem.
Software used to functionally verify a design
Noise related to heat
Through-Silicon Vias are a technology to connect various die in a stacked die configuration.
Basic building block for both analog and digital circuits.
Minimizing switching times
一个multi-patterning technique that will be required at 10nm and below.
一个type of transistor under development that could replace finFETs in future process technologies.
Standard for safety analysis and evaluation of autonomous vehicles.
The Unified Coverage Interoperability Standard (UCIS) provides an application programming interface (API) that enables the sharing of coverage data across software simulators, hardware accelerators, symbolic simulations, formal tools or custom verification tools.
一个ccellera Unified Power Format (UPF)
Verification methodology
SystemVerilog version of eRM
User interfaces is the conduit a human uses to communicate with an electronics device.
Patent to protect an invention
Hardware Verification Language
一个pre-packaged set of code used for verification.
一个standardized way to verify integrated circuit designs.
一个document that defines what functional verification is going to be performed
Hardware Description Language in use since 1984
Procedural access to Verilog objects
一个nalog extensions to Verilog
Hardware Description Language
一个n abstract model of a hardware system enabling early software execution.
Verification methodology built by Synopsys
Using voice/speech for device command and control.
内存that loses storage abilities when power is removed.
Use of multiple voltages for power reduction
The basic architecture for most computing today, based on the principle that data needs to move back and forth between a processor and memory.
Verifying and testing the dies on the wafer after the manufacturing.
The science of finding defects on a silicon wafer.
3D memory interface standard
Wired communication, which passes data through wires between devices, is still considered the most stable form of communication.
一个way of moving data without wires.
IC interconnect architecture
X Propagation causes problems
一个data-driven system for monitoring and improving IC yield and reliability.
一个vulnerability in a product’s hardware or software discovered by researchers or attackers that the producing company does not know about and therefore does not have a fix for yet.